Atlas of Ophthalmology

Increased Optic Cup Size (Ophthalmoscopy, HRT, OCT, FDT, ww-Perimetry)

Glaucomas, Ocular Hypertension -> Optic Nerve Head, Optic Disc(k), Papilla
Patient: 43 years of age, male, BCVA 1.0 at OD, 1.0 at OS, IOP 24 at OD, 24 mmHg at OS, corneal thickness 603 µm/ 607 µm, autorefraction OD -2.0 dpt, OS -3.25-0.25/163°. Ocular medical history: increased intraocular pressure, no topical therapy. General medical history: empty. Main complaint: none. Methods: Ophthalmoscopy, HRT, OCT, FDT, ww-Perimetry Findings: (a) Ophthalmoscopy: optic disc size is increased, neuroretinal rim shape follows ISNT rule, no pallor; size of the optic cup is not increased in relation to the area of the disc; no splinter-shaped haemorrhages; no parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy. (b) HRT: optic disc size 2,9 mm² at OD, 2,8 mm² at OS; neuroretinal rim area size regular with 1.2 mm² at OD, 1.3 mm² at OS; neuroretinal rim area shape follows ISNT rule. The size of the optic cup is not increased in relation to the area of the disc (OD: area C/D-ratio 0,41, linear C/D-ratio 0.64, OS: area C/D-ratio 0.5, linear C/D-ratio 0.71). (c ) OCT: regular retinal nerve fiber thickness, 90µm at OD, 85µm at OS, no focal loss of retinal nerve fiber layer. (d) FDT: regular, no scotomas. (e ) Ww-perimetry: regular, no scotomas. Discussion: Jonas et al (1) described morphological optic nerve head variables to classify glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Thus, glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy is classified by morphologic changes in the intrapapillary and parapapillary region of the optic nerve head and the retinal nerve fiber layer: size and shape of the optic disc; size, shape and pallor of the neuroretinal rim; size of the optic cup in relation to the area of the disc; configuration and depth of the optic cup; cup-to-disc diameter ratio and cup-to-disc area ratio; presence and location of splinter-shaped haemorrhages; occurrence, size, configuration and location of parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy; diffuse and/or focal decrease of the diameter of the retinal arterioles; and visibility of the retinal nerve fibre layer. Assessment of these variables is useful for the detection of glaucomatous optic nerve damage, and to differentiate various types of optic nerve atrophy. He suggested, that highest diagnostic power had the vertical cup-to-disc diameter ratio corrected for its dependence on the optic disc size, total neuroretinal rim area, rim-to-disc area ratio corrected for disc size, and cup-to-disc area ratio corrected for disc size. Oliveira C et al (2) using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope found a mean optic disc size in white subjects of 1.97+-0.6 mm². Literature: (1) Jonas, JB; Budde, WM. Diagnosis and pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy: morphological aspects. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2000 vol. 19(1) pp. 1-40. (2), Harizman N, Girkin CA, Xie A, Tello C, Liebmann JM, Ritch R. Axial length and optic disc size in normal

-------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------

© OnJOph.com