Atlas of Ophthalmology

Suspected Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma (PACG) in Hyperopia before and after Pupil Widening (OCT)

Glaucomas, Ocular Hypertension -> Primary Pupillary-Block and Angle-Closure, Secondary Malignant Glaucomas (see also: Lens-induced Glaucomas)
70 years of age, VA cc 1.0/1.0; applanation tonometrie IOP 8/12 mmHg; autorefraction RA +3.75-0.25/79°, LA +4.25-0.5/84°, no visual field defect, no glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy, shallow anterior chamber with suspected angle-closure. IOP after pupil widening by Trpicamide was 12mmHg, and 14 mmHg. After widening of the pupil there was no increase of IOP. Anterior segment OCT images showed no angle closure before and after widening of the pupil. There was no visible contact between the peripheral iris and any part of the angle wall anterior to the scleral spur. Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is regarded as a fairly rare disease in Western populations. The prevalence of PACG accounts for more than a quarter of all glaucomas found in the Egna-Neumarkt population (1). 2.9% of the subjects examined had some form of glaucoma. The subjects who were classifiable as having PACG totaled 0.6% of the entire population studied. PACG may be as common as POAG on a global scale. Especially in East Asia and South Asia, Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a significant cause of blindness. PACG is an aggressive and visually destructive type of glaucoma. The assessment of angle width and configuration is an essential part of making the diagnosis and determining the management of individuals with angle closure. Anterior segment OCT is a rapid noncontact method of imaging angle structures. It is highly sensitive in detecting angle closure when compared with gonioscopy. The angle is defined as closed if contact is visible between the peripheral iris and any part of the angle wall anterior to the scleral spur. The criteria of diagnosing PACG are a concomitant presence of at least two of the following criteria: intraocular pressure ≥ 22 mmHg, glaucomatous optic disc abnormalities, glaucomatous visual field defects, and biomicroscopic or gonioscopic evidence of angle closure. Literature (1) Ophthalmology, Volume 107, Issue 5, May 2000, Pages 998–1003. Epidemiology of angle-closure glaucoma: Prevalence, clinical types, and association with peripheral anterior chamber depth in the Egna-Neumarkt glaucoma study. Luciano Bonomi, MD, Giorgio Marchini, MD, Michele Marraffa, MD, Paolo Bernardi, MD, Ivana De Franco, MD, Sergio Perfetti, MD, Aldo Varotto, MD.

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